A convincing dashboard and a growing balance do not establish that an investment exists. Separate displayed profits from completed transfers, verify unexpected demands and preserve useful evidence.
Nine historical signals can produce a precise-looking table without establishing a reliable trading rule. An actual event-study response explains baselines, overlap, costs and selection bias.
Quantum attacks on public-key signatures differ from attacks on hashes. NIST standards and a Bitcoin proposal show why algorithm selection, key exposure and network migration need separate analysis.